The Little Girl Who Changed My Life Essay -- Community Service, Servic

When I was a child, my grandparents always told me that children are the future of our world. A child needs to be shown how oft they are able to achieve. A child not shown that will never blossom into the beautiful flower which they are meant to be. That is why I chose to volunteer at my community elementary school. I wanted to live the words that my grandparents told me, the words that would make a difference in my future. I was handpicked by the principal and the instructor to be the friend of a child who needed me. My journey began with a blonde-haired, blue-eyed little girl named Mary. Now, Mary isnt your normal four-year-old who always wants to express you what happened from the moment she wakes up. She never said one word to me from the moment I met her. I didnt say much to her, either. All I kept congress her was we are going to have so much fun this year. When I went home that day, all I could think of was that I was picked for this child for a reason, and that charm I was with her, I would make the best effort I could to change her outlook on the worl...

God of Jews, Christians, and Muslims Vs Epictetus’ God Essay example --

beau ideal of Jews, Christians, and Muslims Vs Epictetus God One or Two Different Deities?When looking at Epictetus work through the Handbook (The Encheiridon) and The Discourses of Epictetus, we find that at that place can be many interpretations that can be made on Epictetus god. One can interpret through these text above that Epictetus god is all-powerful, all-good being, solution the solicitations of the pious, and watches over people therefore showing his god as a personal godGod is actively involved among the world and people. These four traits portray the God of Jews, Christians, and Muslimsmonotheism religions. But one could also interpret that Epictetus show more pantheistic ideology than personalistic ideology of god which may lead his audience to believe that he is a pantheistbelieving God and universe argon identical, immanent in the world as a sagacious dogma, and able to frame all things depending on the good of it. I will argue that Epictetus god is a pantheist ic god, and his god is all-powerful, but Epictetus god doesnt answer the entreaty of the pious, and isnt all-good and does not watch over people in terms of the God of monotheism. I will argue, as I stated above, that Epictetus god and the God of monotheism share common characteristics, such as the description of all-powerful. Power could be described in many ways, but in this context we are lecture about immanence God exists in all corners of the universe. Also in this context omnipotence would also help describe Epictetus god as all-power in a way that he possesses complete, unlimited, or universal power and authority. For example, God, in Epictetuss view, is a playwright and humans are his actors (Handbook 17). You may ask how does this show power. T... ...ties are giving to us, shouldnt we know how to use them through our use of reason? Why would god change his mind and interfere with our life when he has entrusted me with myself (Discourses 815)? Also there is little v alue for prayer when all prayer represents is wanting of useless things, such as wealth, because the purpose of a prayer in Epictetuss view to help us remember who we are and use it to remember the good (Discourses 817).Finally I conclude that Epictetus god is a pantheist god. He is not involved in our life as a person, but he is watching over us through our rational self. His god is all-powerful, which can characterize the God of monotheism, but unlike the God of the monotheism, Epictetus illustrates a different picture of god when he describing the characteristic of all-good, answering the prayer of the pious, and watching over the people.

Global Warming is a Reality That Must be Taken Seriously Essay examples

orbiculate Warming is a rising epidemic that is one of high controversy. The growing concern that Global Warming is going to thermally destroy the earth is causing concentrated precautions to take place. With worry mounting in the lives of the human race, it is intensifying the idea that things essential be done to stop the depletion of the ozone layer. There are several problems around the earth that prove the occurrence of Global Warming. It is very real. The world could end at any given time in the next century, collectable to foreseen occurrences such as, rising in sea level, extreme climate changes, and the unexplainable spreading of equatorial diseases. There has been a distinct rise in sea level over the past century. This is due to the melting of massive glaciers. These glaciers are melting due to ...

Notes on John Locke :: Second Treatise on Civil Government

Notes on John Locke (1632-1704),selections from The Second Treatise of Government (1690) As we will examine it, a delimit theme of the American experience from Thomas Jefferson through Elizabeth Cady Stanton to Martin Luther King, Jr. is democratic revolution these and other major figures seek to change the existing social structure, in order to expand the lot of democracy - to encompass ever larger groups of people within a democratic framework which recognizes the basic equality and rights of each(prenominal) member. Using Jefferson as the starting point, the circle of democratic rights initially includes white males over the age of 41 who meet certain property requirements. Elizabeth Cady Stanton seeks to enlarge this circle to include women - as Martin Luther King, Jr., seeks to enlarge the circle to include people of color.How do you argue for revolutionary change? The American experience is striking not nevertheless for its theme of revolutionary change more fundamentally, these diverse calls for revolution all rest on a shared, central argument. This argument begins from certain premises, and uses those premises to embolden a specific conclusion - the conclusion that democratic revolution, radical social change in the direction of increasing equality with regard to rights and standing onwards the law, is justified.The shared argument looks like thisP1 Governments (Jefferson, Cady Stanton) and laws (Martin Luther King, Jr.) are legitimate only if they rest on the consent of the governed and cherish basic rights.P2 If governments and laws lack this consent, and/or fail to protect these rights, thenC1 such governments are no longer legitimate, and/or such laws are unjust.P3 Illegitimate governments and/or unjust laws require no allegiance. Therefore,C2 Illegitimate governments and/or unjust laws must be dissolved and replaced with legitimate governments and/or just laws i.e., governments and/or laws which rest on the consent of the governed and prote ct basic rights (i.e., which meet the conditions of P1). go Jefferson first articulates this argument as the central justification for the American Revolution, we will see this argument used to support the struggle for womens suffrage (Cady Stanton) and the struggle for urbane rights for American blacks (Martin Luther King, Jr.).But Jefferson did not invent this argument or its underlying assumptions. Among other sources, Jefferson was deeply influenced by Lockes views on human nature and the political arrangements jibe that nature - especially as Locke articulated his political philosophy in Two Treatistes of Government (1690).

Why English Is Important :: Education, Personal Experience

     Being an AP Senior English student what does it mean to me? In my opinion, this title AP Senior English student is a symbol of a big commitment. A commitment, by definition, is dedication to a particular pursuit. In this case, I have chosen to pursue the study of English at such a high level (for a high school student) not simply because it is required by my diploma, but because I have a genuine participation in the subject and a passion for knowledge.     Commitment to AP Senior English is also an investment in my own education and self-improvement. I know that, in this class, discussion will venture outside the norms of state-required curriculum and venture off into the realms of outside-the-box critical thinking. I recognize that just because a particular legislature or organization dictates what should be learned, I have an obligation to overstep these boundaries. This is because I have put myself on a higher path of learning co gnize as the IB Diploma Program. An IB Diploma says its holder has universally-recognized mastery at the primary education level. I feel it is my duty to fulfill that obligation and to be an embassador of County High Schools academic opportunities.     My definition of an AP Senior English student is simple a student who understands that knowledge cannot be measured with a ruler. This student pursues knowledge as its own reward. He (or she) recognizes that in order to be successful, and gain the respect and trust of others, one first has to invest in themselves. To me, this class is like a

Developing Leaders Essay -- Business Management

Peter F. Drucker once said, Management is doing things right attractorship is doing the right things (Famous-Quotes-And-Quotations.com, n. d.). leading is a key function of management. Without lead, blue-chip time spent on planning, organizing, and controlling can be lost with no productive end result. Because lead is the core of management, a great stilt of focus mustiness be placed on its key components. Leading means influencing other people to cast down the job done, maintaining morale, molding company complex body part and managing conflicts and communication (Dessler, 2004, p. 3). Effective leadership is the foundation for any business. Developing leaders, leading strategic planning, overcoming obstacles, and motivating and inspiring employees be major components of leadership. Many articles and publications have been given up to these four components. In selecting the articles to be summarized, emphasis was placed on articles that discussed universal methods ut ilized by businesses, along with recommendations for promoting booming leadership.Developing LeadersFrom front-line employees to mid-level tutors, expectations of employees in at onces organizations have become more demanding. Today, employees atomic number 18 given leadership titles and expected to figure out how to superintend their new roles, but arent efficaciously trained (Gale, 2002, p.1). Companies benefit when they have leaders positioned throughout the organization. This positioning distributes knowledgeable and skilled employees to benefit all aspects of the organization.In the past, leadership development was limited to administrator employees. This training process must change as companies strive to become more adaptive to the competitive world. With the suppression of staff, additional work responsibility with slight guidance is becoming the norm. The need for leadership must evolve as the organization grows.A great manager may not be a great leader. Great leade rs must be able to communicate as well as do employees. The manager administers the leader innovates. The manager imitates the leader initiates (Bennis, 1994). Jon Katzenbach best described leadership as a mind set of adaptive responsiveness (Gale, 2002, p.2). Some result argue that leaders are born, darn others will say leaders are trained. In either case, a qualified well-rounded leader must be found. Sourcing and rec... ...d tend to lead in smaller, more informal ways throughout the company. This natural progression allows them to gain the experience they need to become succeeding(a) leaders (Kotter, 1990).ConclusionThere are a myriad of publications available to assist with leadership issues. Most consistently refer to the narrow down skills and traits needed to be an effective leader. Choosing a leader with these specialized skills is only part of the challenge facing organizations today. Providing effective training for new and existing leaders is becoming progressively important. Such training should include recommendations on how to plan for and address real-world scenarios as well as examples of situations that may occur in order to strengthen comprehension. leading training should be viewed as a process, not a one-time event. Training leaders on how to plan and deal with obstacles, as well as how to displace and inspire employees is critical to organizational success. leading should be a focus at all levels of the company whether it would be individual, departmental, or organizational. The key to successful leadership is to create a sense of belong by getting all parties involved. Developing Leaders Essay -- Business Management Peter F. Drucker once said, Management is doing things right leadership is doing the right things (Famous-Quotes-And-Quotations.com, n. d.). Leading is a key function of management. Without leadership, valuable time spent on planning, organizing, and controlling can be lost with no productive end result. Because leadership is the core of management, a great deal of focus must be placed on its key components. Leading means influencing other people to get the job done, maintaining morale, molding company structure and managing conflicts and communication (Dessler, 2004, p. 3). Effective leadership is the foundation for any business. Developing leaders, leading strategic planning, overcoming obstacles, and motivating and inspiring employees are major components of leadership. Many articles and publications have been devoted to these four components. In selecting the articles to be summarized, emphasis was placed on articles that discussed universal methods utilized by businesses, along with recommendations for promoting successful leadership.Developing LeadersFrom front-line employees to mid-level managers, expectations of employees in todays organizations have become more demanding. Today, employees are given leadership titles and expected to figure out how to handle their new roles, but arent effectively trained (Gale, 2002, p.1). Companies benefit when they have leaders positioned throughout the organization. This positioning distributes knowledgeable and skilled employees to benefit all aspects of the organization.In the past, leadership development was limited to executive employees. This training process must change as companies strive to become more adaptive to the competitive world. With the downsizing of staff, additional work responsibility with less guidance is becoming the norm. The need for leadership must evolve as the organization grows.A great manager may not be a great leader. Great leaders must be able to communicate as well as motivate employees. The manager administers the leader innovates. The manager imitates the leader initiates (Bennis, 1994). Jon Katzenbach best described leadership as a mind set of adaptive responsiveness (Gale, 2002, p.2). Some will argue that leaders are born, while others will say leaders are trained. In eithe r case, a qualified well-rounded leader must be found. Sourcing and rec... ...d tend to lead in smaller, more informal ways throughout the company. This natural progression allows them to gain the experience they need to become future leaders (Kotter, 1990).ConclusionThere are a myriad of publications available to assist with leadership issues. Most consistently refer to the specialized skills and traits needed to be an effective leader. Choosing a leader with these specialized skills is only part of the challenge facing organizations today. Providing effective training for new and existing leaders is becoming increasingly important. Such training should include recommendations on how to plan for and address real-world scenarios as well as examples of situations that may occur in order to strengthen comprehension. Leadership training should be viewed as a process, not a one-time event. Training leaders on how to plan and deal with obstacles, as well as how to motivate and inspire e mployees is critical to organizational success. Leadership should be a focus at all levels of the company whether it would be individual, departmental, or organizational. The key to successful leadership is to create a sense of belonging by getting all parties involved.

Developing Leaders Essay -- Business Management

Peter F. Drucker once said, Management is doing things in force(p) leading is doing the right things (Famous-Quotes-And-Quotations.com, n. d.). Leading is a key function of management. Without leadership, valuable time spent on planning, organizing, and controlling can be lost with no productive end result. Because leadership is the core of management, a great deal of focus must be placed on its key components. Leading pith influencing other people to get the business organisation done, maintaining morale, molding company structure and managing conflicts and communication (Dessler, 2004, p. 3). Effective leadership is the foundation for any business. ontogeny leaders, leading strategic planning, overcoming obstacles, and motivating and inspiring employees are major components of leadership. Many articles and publications have been devoted to these four components. In selecting the articles to be summarized, emphasis was placed on articles that discussed universal methods employ by businesses, along with recommendations for promoting successful leadership.Developing LeadersFrom front-line employees to mid-level theatre directors, expectations of employees in todays institutions have become more(prenominal) demanding. Today, employees are given leadership titles and anticipate to figure out how to handle their newfound roles, but arent soundly trained (Gale, 2002, p.1). Companies benefit when they have leaders positioned throughout the organization. This positioning distributes knowledgeable and skilled employees to benefit all aspects of the organization.In the past, leadership development was limited to executive employees. This teaching process must change as companies strive to become more reconciling to the competitive world. With the downsizing of staff, additional work responsibility with less guidance is becoming the norm. The need for leadership must evolve as the organization grows.A great manager whitethorn not be a great leader. Great leaders must be able to communicate as well as motivate employees. The manager administers the leader innovates. The manager imitates the leader initiates (Bennis, 1994). Jon Katzenbach best described leadership as a mind set of adaptive responsiveness (Gale, 2002, p.2). Some will turn over that leaders are born, while others will say leaders are trained. In either case, a subject well-rounded leader must be found. Sourcing and rec... ...d tend to lead in smaller, more informal ways throughout the company. This natural progression allows them to gain the get laid they need to become future leaders (Kotter, 1990).ConclusionThere are a myriad of publications available to assist with leadership issues. Most consistently observe to the specialized skills and traits needed to be an effective leader. Choosing a leader with these specialized skills is only part of the challenge facing organizations today. Providing effective training for new and existing leaders is becoming inc reasingly important. such training should include recommendations on how to plan for and address real-world scenarios as well as examples of situations that may occur in order to strengthen comprehension. Leadership training should be viewed as a process, not a one-time event. Training leaders on how to plan and deal with obstacles, as well as how to motivate and excite employees is critical to organizational success. Leadership should be a focus at all levels of the company whether it would be individual, departmental, or organizational. The key to successful leadership is to take in a sense of belonging by getting all parties involved. Developing Leaders Essay -- Business Management Peter F. Drucker once said, Management is doing things right leadership is doing the right things (Famous-Quotes-And-Quotations.com, n. d.). Leading is a key function of management. Without leadership, valuable time spent on planning, organizing, and controlling can be lost with no productive end result. Because leadership is the core of management, a great deal of focus must be placed on its key components. Leading means influencing other people to get the job done, maintaining morale, molding company structure and managing conflicts and communication (Dessler, 2004, p. 3). Effective leadership is the foundation for any business. Developing leaders, leading strategic planning, overcoming obstacles, and motivating and inspiring employees are major components of leadership. Many articles and publications have been devoted to these four components. In selecting the articles to be summarized, emphasis was placed on articles that discussed universal methods utilized by businesses, along with recommendations for promoting successful leadership.Developing LeadersFrom front-line employees to mid-level managers, expectations of employees in todays organizations have become more demanding. Today, employees are given leadership titles and expected to figure out how to handle their new roles, but arent effectively trained (Gale, 2002, p.1). Companies benefit when they have leaders positioned throughout the organization. This positioning distributes knowledgeable and skilled employees to benefit all aspects of the organization.In the past, leadership development was limited to executive employees. This training process must change as companies strive to become more adaptive to the competitive world. With the downsizing of staff, additional work responsibility with less guidance is becoming the norm. The need for leadership must evolve as the organization grows.A great manager may not be a great leader. Great leaders must be able to communicate as well as motivate employees. The manager administers the leader innovates. The manager imitates the leader initiates (Bennis, 1994). Jon Katzenbach best described leadership as a mind set of adaptive responsiveness (Gale, 2002, p.2). Some will argue that leaders are born, while others will say leaders ar e trained. In either case, a qualified well-rounded leader must be found. Sourcing and rec... ...d tend to lead in smaller, more informal ways throughout the company. This natural progression allows them to gain the experience they need to become future leaders (Kotter, 1990).ConclusionThere are a myriad of publications available to assist with leadership issues. Most consistently refer to the specialized skills and traits needed to be an effective leader. Choosing a leader with these specialized skills is only part of the challenge facing organizations today. Providing effective training for new and existing leaders is becoming increasingly important. Such training should include recommendations on how to plan for and address real-world scenarios as well as examples of situations that may occur in order to strengthen comprehension. Leadership training should be viewed as a process, not a one-time event. Training leaders on how to plan and deal with obstacles, as well as how to mot ivate and inspire employees is critical to organizational success. Leadership should be a focus at all levels of the company whether it would be individual, departmental, or organizational. The key to successful leadership is to create a sense of belonging by getting all parties involved.

Nelson Mandela’s Fight for Freedom

Imagine yourself growing up in a country where you might bum thr cause in jail for drinking from the wrong water fountain where just because of your skin color, you get paid slight money than your neighbor who has the aforesaid(prenominal) job where you cant even walk on the same sidewalk just because of the pigment in your skin. For Nelson Mandela, this situation was a reality. This style of vivification began in 1948 and, thanks to Mandela, ended in 1994. Problems began when the National Partydominated by Afrikaans-speaking descendants of the Dutch settlerscame to power in southeastern Africa.Segregation and mistreatment of the less superiornon-whitesbecame a government policy called apartheid, which means apartness in the Afrikaans language. Nelson Mandela refused to bow down to the unjust of the government. Instead, he became one of the virtually important warriors in the battle to free southwest Africa. We atomic number 18 at the startle of an arduous and protracted str uggle for a better quality of bread and unlesster. In the course of this struggle, we shall take over immediate success we shall mother set poles plainly we shall certainly progress, inch by inch, towards our goal, Nelson Mandela wrote in his book, In His Own Words.Most of Mandelas life was filled with galore(postnominal) battles, tribulations, and hardships. Born on July 18th, 1918 in Umtata, South Africa, Rolihlahla Nelson Mandela studied to become a lawyer. He then joined the African National Congress (ANC) in 1944. The ANC create in 1912. It is a multiracial, nationalist organization that intended to extend voting rights to everyone in South Africa. This organization was also aiming to end racial discrimination. Even later on thirty years of peaceful petitions to the government, the ANC never achieved any concessions. During the apartheid, blacks and whites had different laws that they were to follow.Blacks were not allowed to vote in parliamentary areas, for example, an d they were limited in their use of intimately macrocosm places and institutions. Under apartheid, Africans, Europeans, and Indians all lived in separate homelands called Bantustans. While selected jobs were saved for whites, the leaders justified their rulings by guaranteeing that Africans would have full rights in their Bantustans. These full rights would grant Africans to have the poorest homes, schools, and hospitals. A majority of Africans disliked this system of apartheid. This also included Nelson Mandela.Protests were led by multiple leaders including Mandela. Some protests even ended deadly. For example, on shew 21, 1960, an organization called, the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC), called for a protest against the laws. In Sharpeville, a crowd of unarmed petitioners surrounded the police station. The police opened fire in the crowd and killed sixty-nine stack, while wounding many more. The government was fighting back not even caring that the laws that they issued, and t he consequences that were given for not following the laws, whitethorn or may not be proper.Protestors could also be arrested. For instance, after the South African government declared a State of Emergency, the ANC was banned. This meant that its members could be arrested and remand for up to ten years. However, these activists were willing to accept the idea of imprison housement or even death, for equality was the only thing that was on their minds. Though Nelson Mandela was eventually squeeze to take action when the government banned the African National Congress (ANC), he remained non-violent. Mandelas method of fighting back was a powerful ordnance his speeches and protests.He had a strong belief that all people, no matter what race, were equal. South Africa belongs to all people, not to one group, be it black or white. Because Mandela was so dedicated to his belief in equality, he had to pay a high price his freedom. Mandela and his fellow leaders believed that not only sh ould they continue to fight against apartheid, but that they should take up arms against the government. Mandela alleged that in that location were only two choices to make surrender, or fight. On August 5, 1962, Nelson Mandela was arrested. He was disguised as a white friends chauffer.At this point in time, the government was arresting all black leaders that took part in the Anti- Apartheid movement. So, in an look for to avoid being arrested, Mandela was forced to live apart from his family. He moved from place to place to avoid being detected by government informers and spies. commonly during important events, like rallies, he would often disguise himself as a chauffer or a gardener. Mandela was nicknamed, the Black Pimpernel, because he was so he was so fortunate at dodging the police. However, he was not successful enough.After being arrested, Mandela was charged with inciting strikes and illegally leaving the country. He had often traveled to countries in sexual union and West Africa to gain support. He also traveled to England where he met politicians. Throughout his trialthe Rivonia TrialMandela carried out his own defense. In the end, Mandela was found guilty and sentenced to prison at Robben Island for five years. This jail was bleak, unwelcoming, and depressing. It is about 7. 5 miles off the coast of Cape Town. Robben Island was one of the harshest prisons in South Africa.The island was bitterly cold in the wintertime and scorching hot in the summer. Prisoners could only wear short trousers with no shoes. The imprisoned were to sleep on mats that lay out on their cell floor. Mandelas cell was less than thirty-two square feet. He was confined to it for sixteen hours each day. Even while Mandela was in prison, he still gave hope to the people who carried on the struggle against Apartheid. Mandela was brought to court once more with all of the leaders of the ANC. All were charged with sabotage and attempting to overthrow government offences, whic h would have resulted in a death sentence.When Mandela spoke at the trial, he said that a free, ideal society was what he wished to live for and to achieve. If needs be, it is an ideal for which I am vigilant to die. No matter what the officials did to Mandela, he knew in his heart that no matter what the outcome was, he would indeed be free in the end. The judge sentenced the defendants to life imprisonment. The government anticipated that the prisoners on Robben Island would be forgotten. However, they were proven wrong. The anti- apartheid movement continued and a new movement to free Mandela even occurred. This movement actually went global.Nelson Mandela became the most famous political prisoner in the world. Leaders such as Desmond Tutu and Steven Biko continued to speak out against apartheid. Some, including Biko, paid with their lives. Some white South Africans even joined the anti-apartheid movement. Over the next months, outraged Africans rioted all over the country. Ma ny were not willing to wait for change. During the 1980s, the South African government offered to exonerate Nelson Mandela multiple times. Each time the government asked, Mandela refused. In 1982, Mandela was moved from Robben Island to Pollsmoor Prison which is on the mainland in Cape Town.In 1985, Mandela was offered freedom on condition that he stopped campaigning for the ANC. Again he refused because he believed that he still was not technically free since the apartheid was still going on. I cherish my own freedom, butI will not give any undertaking when you and I, the people, are not free. On February 11, 1990, Nelson Mandela was released after 27 years. This day marked the beginning of the end of apartheid. In less than five years after his release, Nelson Mandela was granted the Nobel Peace Prize and was also elected the first African president of South Africa.In 1994, the apartheid officially ended when Nelson Mandela was elected the first black president of South Africa. Today, because of Nelson Mandelas self -sacrifice, the apartheid has been outlawed. Everyone in South Africa has equal rights and can at once live comfortable, productive lives. Many see Mandela as one of the most important people in world history, and one of the strongest warriors. Even after the troubles of the apartheid are long forgotten, Mandelas personal triumphs will be remembered. I have walked that long road to freedom. I have tried not to falter I have made missteps along the way.But I have discovered the secret that after climbing a great hill, one only finds that there are many more hills to climb. I have taken a moment here to rest, to steal the view of the glorious vista that surrounds me, to look back on the distance I have come. But I can rest only for a moment, for with freedom come responsibilities, and I dare not linger, for my walk is not yet ended. Because of Nelson Mandela and other leaders, laws telling people what jobs they could hold, or where they could li ve based on the color of their skin were abolished.In 1997, observers noticed that most South African blacks continued to live in desperate poverty and in terrible conditions. Black schools still lacked basic necessities like books and chalk. Some schools didnt have any windows. However, for the first time in years, the South African government was trying to correct the problems of racial inequality. It would take large amounts of time and money, but South Africans felt great hope that the deed of creating equality would be fully achieved.

Irc, Cva and Var †New Methods in Basel Essay

I. IntroductionLast financial crisis was seen as a strong slap on the global economy. It has awakened Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) close the importance of an aggregation between stopet and course reference work pretends that money boxs make to cope with. In accordance with Saunders and Cornett (2011), definition of market assay is the find related to the uncertainty of an FIs (financial institution) earnings on its employment portfolio caused by changes, and particularly extreme changes, in market conditions. Interest rate put on the line and foreign exchange gamble be some typical example for market risks (Saunders and Cornett, 2011). Meanwhile, credit risk is defined as risk increased when borrowers, bond issuers and counterparties in derivatives transaction whitethorn default (Hull, 2010).According to Madigan (2010), it would be greater risks when credit and market risks associated than the sum of individual factors. Therefore, it might headliner to worse impacts to banks operations. From the crisiss consequences, Nout Wellink chairman of the Basel Committee believes that it is needed for supervisors to learn experiences from recent events, thus set up new methods for banks to cope with fore problems (Ferry, 2008). These new rules which are reflected in Basel III support apiece different to efficiently posting and manage correlated risks, thus image dandy requirement to cover these risks. A report by Goeth (2010) defines Basel III as an all-encompassing set of measures reformed in holy order to enhance the regulation, supervision and risk management in terms of banking.This report mentions new methods with their strengths, weaknesses and effectiveness to help banks keep back and measure risks effectively, especially combination of credit and market risks. They are incremental risk taper (IRC), credit valuation adjustment (CVA) and nervous straines value at risk (var) form.II. Incremental Risk Charge IRC1. Strengt hs of Incremental Risk Charge ModelIn order to avoid crisis, banks must satisfy majuscule requirement demanded by Basel Committee to cover individual as well as correlated risks. IRC is a method which helps banks to estimate minimum gravid needed to cover risks from unsecuritised credit instruments caused by default and migration events (BCBS, 2009b). It means IRC model calculates the maximum risks in the worst case when banks cannot securitise any products. As a result, banks have to set up the competent capital for their own line of work and make sure that they can overcome difficulties even in the worst situation. In other words, banks will be base hit from default and migration events, and to a greater extent importantly, they can avoid crisis by using IRC model.In Basel III, with IRC model, risks can be measured for a one-year capital horizon at 99.9% confidence level, instead of a 10-day VAR at the 99% confidence level as in Basel II (Davidson, 2009). The extension of ca pital horizon is one of IRCs strengths because it can evaluate and calculatebanks risks more effectively and accurately than 10-day VAR. The reason is one-day or 10-day VAR cannot comprise completely large cumulative price variation occurring several weeks or months as well as large daily losses which only happen two or three clock per year (BCBS, 2009b). As a result, one-year horizon is the optimal time for banks to rebalance their capital. 2. Weaknesses of Incremental Risk Charge ModelUnder BCBSs approval, banks are judge to improve their own IRC models to calculate risks for individual positions or sets of positions (BCBS, 2009b). It means the Committee hopes banks will have their own choice of liquidity horizon which is appropriate with their business without any issued industry benchmarks or standards (Stretton, 2011). However, it leads to inconsistence within banking system. Furthermore, supervisors have to face with more difficulties in process of evaluating banks IRC mode l.Although IRC helps bank to capture risks more effectively, especially when market and credit risks collide, there is a significant weakness still be existing. It is the overlap of counterparty credit risk cooperated with over the counters (OTC) and repo-style transactions between IRC and CVA (Stretton, 2011). As a consequence, it will lead to duplicate capital blossom for the banks. Suggested by Linsz (2010) the corporate Treasurer of Bank of America, the Committee should apply an integrated climax to combine the imbrication risks by deleting the risk supra in IRC model, hence build up more accurate capital station for banks. In fact, Bank of America thinks duplicated capital charge is inappropriate with risk management practices (Linsz, 2010). 3. Effectiveness of Incremental Risk Charge ModelAccording to BCBS (2009b), IRC model mainly compounds two types of risks default risk and credit migration risk. The origin of default risks can be obligors default and/or default events . As a result, it may lead to direct losses and/or indirect losses respectively. Meanwhile, credit migration risks may come from internal or external rating downgrade or put up as well as credit migration events (BCBS, 2009b).A record by Kealhofer et al. (1998) and Kealhofer (2003) (cited in Varotto,2011), there are two main methods applied to rate companys performance which are Through The Cycle (TTC) rating and Point In Time ( scar) rating. Both two rating methods are used to evaluate repay might of a business, thus bank sets up its own capital to cover risks in case of the businesss default. Nevertheless, there are several differences between TTC and PIT ratings are as follows. While TTC rating tries to achieve stable rating which is not influenced by economic variation over mid-term or long-term, PIT rating reflects changes of the market as well as credit migration by means of the credit rating in a short-term. A study by Benford and Nier (2007) pitch that banks choose to use PIT rating because it can update market variations and reflect them through enterprises credit rating downgrade or upgrade more effectively. In other words, IRC model which is used to estimate capital requirement for banks based on their risks is influenced by both credit and market risks.III. cite Valuation Adjustment (CVA)1. Strengths of Credit Valuation AdjustmentA capital charge for credit valuation adjustment (CVA) is a procedure used to calculate capital requirement for mark to market losses associated with counterparties decreased creditworthiness (BCBS, 2011b). Compare with the traditional method, CVA is more dynamic because it allows a bank or a financial institution to have trading opportunities with large exposures that excel limits set up to oppose future risks the thing that the traditional method does not go for (Algorithmics, 2009). In fact, based on high risk, high return theory, banks have chance to increase their profit by the trading opportunities as above. Therefore, applying CVA approach instead of the traditional one may help banks achieve much profit.2. Weaknesses of Credit Valuation AdjustmentWhen banks apply CVA approach, they have to face with a difficulty which is seen as weakness of CVA. It is banks cannot identify and evaluate counterpartys credit rating accurately (Cameron, 2011). One of the reasons of this disadvantage is derivatives which are originally purchased between bank and counterparty can be transferred to the third party, then fourth party and so on As a consequence, the bank cannot control itscounterparties effectively, thus it will lead to banks incorrect rating counterparty. Another reason might be mistakes of rating agencies because they do not have enough information somewhat banks counterparty. Therefore, it will cause inaccurate risk measure when applying CVA approach.In minimal brain dysfunctionition, a report undertaken in this area (Cameron, 2011) shows that there are some participants found CVAs stru cturing is sophisticated to apply in several real situations. The dealer proves that there still be existing a lot of pitfalls and problems through the calculating risk process. As a consequence, it might lead to many difficulties for banks in using CVA.3. Effectiveness of Credit Valuation AdjustmentA study by Barus et al. (2010) found that CVA approach uses one-year market risk horizon instead of 10-day. It is the same horizon with model as well as VAR models therefore it helps banks manage risks easier based on integrated time horizon between risks controlling models.In addition, BCBS (2011b) states that CVA capital charge complicates charge for mark to market losses and counterpartys devaluation in creditworthiness. If banks purchase securities at current time, then their market price decreases, banks will take an expenditure called mark to market losses. CVA captures these risks above means it covers market risk might occur to the banks. In fact, within the last crisis, only on e-third of counterparty credit risks were delinquent to actual defaults while the remaining two-thirds caused by CVA losses, especially mark-to-market losses (Goeth, 2010).As mentioned above, CVA also captures risk of counterpartys devaluation in creditworthiness. According to BCBS (2011a), creditworthiness mentions ability to repay or meet debt obligation of an individual or an enterprise. Therefore, when the counterpartys repay ability deteriorates, it will lead to increasing of CVA capital charge for banks (Bushnell, 2007) in order to help banks prepare an adequate capital. Put differently, CVA not only captures market risks unless also cover credit risks that banks have to face with. As a result, CVA and IRC model associate and support each other to help banks measure and manage combination of market and credit risks morecompletely effectively.IV. Stressed VAR1. Strengths of Stressed VAR ModelAccording to Butler (1999), VAR is defined as calculation used to measure the worst e xpected loss that an institution can suffer over a given time interval under normal market conditions at a given confidence level. After the crisis in the year 2007, Basel Committee realised that market condition is not always consistent. Therefore, stressed VAR was created to reason VAR which would be performed on the present portfolio of a bank in case that the related market elements were going through a stressed hitch (BCBS, 2009a).Based on VAR calculated, banks are required to have an appropriate amount of capital to cover their worst expected loss. One of VAR charges strengths is it reduces the pro-cyclical capital which are disadvantages for the banks. As stated by Christopher Finger (cited in Pengelly, 2011), recent data used for calculating VAR moved virtually and around, and it might lead to bad aggregation of more volatile markets, dealers losses and enlarged capital.2. Weaknesses of Stressed VAR ModelThe weaknesses that can be easily seen in stressed VAR model is str essed VAR cannot capture migration and default risks of banks. That is the reason why banks also have to apply IRC model to capture these risks. Furthermore, stressed VAR also cannot cover mark-to-market losses which need to be measured by CVA approach. Therefore, banks have to cope with more complexity in risk measure as a consequence, banks can make more mistakes in calculating risk process. One more important point is stressed VAR is not able to measure risk in a normal market condition, thus banks need to use one more different model normal VAR calculation to measure this type of risk. Consequently, it will require really careful and complicated risk management system in order to measure risk accurately.3. Effectiveness of Stressed VAR ModelIn accordance with BCBS (2011c), the effectiveness of stressed VAR model is performed through it can include all risks, for instance interest rate risk,commodity risk, etc. over a period of stressed market that banks recently experienced. In other words, the more types of risks stressed VAR can cover, the more accurately banks can measure and manage risks.From the stressed VARs definition mentioned above, BCBS suggested that it should be based on the 10-day, 99th percentile, one-tailed confidence interval VAR measure of the current portfolio, with model inputs calibrated to historical data from a continuous 12-month period of significant financial stress relevant to the banks portfolio. It means stressed VAR uses the same time horizon with IRC and CVA in order to help banks reduce mistakes in risk calculating process due to united horizon. Concurrently, the same time horizon also assists supervisors to revise banks risks more effectively. Besides, in order to set up an effective risk management method, banks have to use time-series data of 12-continuous-month for stressed VAR model that includes financial stress event which is relevant to banks portfolio (BCBS, 2011c). As a result, the financial crisis from 2007 to 200 9 is the time period suggested by the Committee to banks to be used for building stressed VAR model.V. ConclusionIn Basel III, three new methods above Incremental Risk Charge, Capital Valuation Adjustment and Stressed Value at Risk are concurrently used by the banks and they support each other to measure and manage risks more effectively. Strengths of one method are supplementary for others weaknesses. That is the reason why banks are required by Basel Committee to add both of three methods into their risk management. With normal VAR model, IRC, CVA and stressed VAR approaches help banks not only control risks as individual factors but also measure and manage risks as a combination, especially the aggregation of credit and market risks more efficiently. From that, banks need to set up their own capital which is appropriate with their financial situation in order to face with difficulties that the financial crisis 2007-2009 was the typical example.Besides undeniable advantages of t hree new rules, the largest banks in the world, such as Bank of America, UBS, Royal Bank of Scotland, still foundsignificant weaknesses and gave comment on the Basel Committee on Banking Supervisions consultative documents. Basel Committee should cite about these recommendations to readjust Basel III in order to set up an accurate and effective regulation documents for international banks to help banks in particular as well as financial institutions in general avoid disasters as the financial crisis happened in 2007 to 2009.VI.ReferencesAlgorithmics, (2009) Credit Value Adjustment and the changing environment for determine and managing counterparty risk. Online. ready(prenominal) at http//www.algorithmics.com/EN/media/pdfs/Algo-WP1209-CVASurvey.pdf (Accessed 02 January 2012)Barus, R., Battaglia, F., Jagannathan, R., Mendis, J., and Onorato, M., (2010) Basel III Whats new? Business and technological challenges. Online. forthcoming at http//www.algorithmics.com/en/media/pdfs/algo- wp0910-lr-basel3-exd.pdf (Accessed 02 January 2012)Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, (2009a) Analysis of the trading book quantitative impact study. Bank for multinational Settlements. Basel.Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, (2009b) Guidelines for computing capital for incremental risk in the trading book. Bank for International Settlements. Basel.Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, (2011a) Application of own credit risk adjustments to derivatives. Bank for International Settlements. Basel.Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, (2011b) Basel III A global regulatory example for more resilient banks and banking systems. Bank for International Settlements. Basel.Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, (2011c) Interpretive issues with respect to the revisions to the market risk framework. Bank for International Settlements. Basel.Benford, J. & Nier, E. (2007) Monitoring cyclicality of Basel II capital requirements. Online. Available athttp//www.bankofengland.co.uk/pub lications/fsr/fs_paper03.pdf (Accessed 28 December 2011)Bushnell, C. D. (2007) Detailed Comments on Market Risk NPR. Online. Available at http//www.federalreserve.gov/SECRS/2007/February/20070213/R-1266/R-1266_17_1.pdf (Accessed 06 January 2012)Butler, C. (1999) Mastering value at risk a step-by-step guide to understanding and applying VAR. London Financial Times/Prentice Hall.Cameron, M. (2011) Securitising CVA, Risk, 24(2), p. 29.Davidson, C. (2009) Urgency and uncertainty, Risk, 22(4), p. 72.Ferry, J. (2008) Wary of the IRC, Risk, 21(9), p. 26.Goeth, P. (2010) Basel III Design and Potential Impact. Online. Available at http//www.garp.org/media/529782/basel%20iii_goeth112410.pdf (Accessed 28 December 2011)Hull, C. J. (2010) Risk management and financial institutions. Boston, MA Harlow Pearson Education.Linsz, D. M. (2010) Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, Consultative Document Strengthening the Resilient of Banking Sector. Online. Available at http//www.bis.org/publ/bcbs165 /boac.pdf (Accessed 28 December 2011)Madigan, P. (2010) When market and credit risk collide. Online. Available at Available at http//www.risk.net/risk-magazine/feature/1652766/when-market-credit-risk-collide (Accessed 03 January 2012)Pengelly, M. (2011) Stressed VAR questioned by risk managers. Online. Available at http//webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache8Hl5fareW-UJwww.risk.net/risk-magazine/news/2024562/stressed-var-questioned-risk-managers+Stressed+VAR+questioned+by+risk+managers&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=uk (Accessed 28 December 2011)

Apply Legal and Ethical Parameters to Nursing Practice Essay

1. Australian Health Practitioner Regulation case constabulary (The National Law 2009) has great importance on the governance of the conduct of registered and enrolled nurses. The National Law allows matter boards to manage the development of health profession standards. The National Law has requirement for national boards to enterprise wide range consultation on registration standards, codes and guidelines. The National Law organise a national scheme which imply registration arrangement, accreditation arrangement, complaints, conducts, health and performance arrangements, privacy and information-sharing arrangement and transitional arrangements.2. (a). Two legislations that mandate nurses to report to nominated government authorities where elderly people and/or children in their attention are at risk of harm from others are Australian Health Practitioner Regulation National Law (2009) Children and Community serve amendment act 2008(b). These acts are state act, which can vary state or territory wide in Australia. (c). These legislations make ENs aware to provide safe surroundings and keep away elderly people and children from any harm by reporting to nominated government. This legislation helps to reduce some professionals to be involved in some cases. It is legal requirement for ENs to report all reasonable beliefs of any risk of harm for elderly people and/or children.3. Four domains of the National capacity Standards for Enrolled Nurse are (a) Professional and Ethical practices Enrolled Nurses work according to legislation, policies and procedures to demonstrate knowledge of legislation and common law, organizational policies and procedure, fulfill the duty of explosive charge, report practices that whitethorn breach legislations, polices and procedures. ENs performs in ethical way, respect the rights of individual and groups, and accept accountability and responsibility for stimulate legal actions within enrolled nursing practices.(b) Critical t hinking and analysis Enrolled nurses open critical thinking to perform enrollednursing practice by assessing own performance done nursing standards, by self professional development, by own care.(c) Management of care Enrolled nurses participate to form care plans with RN through accurate data collection and report of health and functional status of individuals and groups, through identification of expected health care outcomes, through evaluation of progress of individuals and groups to achieve expected outcomes with RN. ENs manage nursing care of individuals and groups by implementing planned nursing care to get identified outcomes, by recognizing any change in health and functional status, report and document it accurately and on time.(d) Enabling Enrolled nurses promote safety, bail and personal integrity of individuals and groups, which include their actions of safety, create and maintain effective communication, applying strategies for promotion of self-esteem of individual and groups, actions to maintain dignity and integrity of individuals and groups. Enrolled nurses provide support and care to individuals and groups and participate with members of healthcare team to achieve effective healthcare outcomes.4. The NMBA new-sprung(prenominal) Code of moral philosophy August 2008 define the nursing professions committedness to respect, promote, protect and support the fundamental rights od receiver and provider of nursing and healthcare. Its impact on practice of enrolled nurses is to Provide quality nursing care, taking action on reasonable ground Respect the individuals ethical values with gentlenessUnderstand different culture and languages influence the nursing and healthcare Demonstrate the ability to reasonably and equitably provide services depends on needs, amicable standings, ethnicity, age, race, level of income, gender Support culture of safety because safety is everyones responsibility Document all information accurately, non-judgmentally and relevant to health, acre and treatment of a person and should be confidential Prevent, minimize and overcome the harmful effect of economic, social or ecological factors on health Promote and maintain the trust between nurse care receiverPerform ethically5. The purpose of NMBA new code of Professional Conduct August 2008 for nurses is to Specify a base to consumer, regulatory, employing and professional bodies for evaluating professional conduct of nurses Form a set of minimum national standards of conduct, nurses are supposed to support Inform the community of standards of professional conduct, it can sustain nurses in AustraliaReferences1. Nursing and midwifery board of Australia, 27 October 2009, consultation news report on registration standards and related matters, viewed 16 August 2014, www.ahpra.gov.au 2. Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency, 2010, Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Law 2009, viewed 16 August 2014, www.ahpra.gov.au 3. Australian Healt h Practitioner Regulation Agency, 2014, Mandatory notification, viewed 15 August 2014, www.ahpra.gov.au 4. Australian Institute of Family Studies, 8 August 2014, What is mandatory reporting?, viewed 15 August 2014, www.aifs.gov.au 5. Hughson, J, 2013, Nursing Historical, present and future perspectives, The Tabbners Nursing Care (6th edition), Kesteven S., Libby Houston, Chatswood, NSW, pp. 11-12 6. Australian Nursing & Midwifery Council, 2008, Codes of professional conduct and ethics for nurses and midwives in Australia, viewed 17 August 2014, http//dlb.sa.edu.au/tsftfmoodle/pluginfile.php/998/mod_resource/content/0/COMMUNICATE_AND_WORK_EFFECTIVELY_IN_HEALTH/element_1/ANMCwebsiteversion.pdf 7. Nursing and midwifery board of Australia, 2014, Codes of Professional conduct for nurses in Australia, viewed 17 August 2014, www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au 8. Nursing and midwifery board of Australia, 2014, Codes of Ethics for nurse august 2008, viewed 17 August 2014, www.nursingmidwifery board.gov.au

Tanglewood Case Two

Tanglewood Case 2 Strategic Staffing (HR 594) Summer Session B emailprotected com TANGLEWOOD CASE TWO ATT Daryl Perrone After analyzing the data and performing an environmental scan it is clear that the demographics of Spokane, Washington will present you will problems filling vacancies based on the Equal Employment Opportunity requirements. Spokane is the second largest city in Washington and according to my research 84% of these people atomic number 18 white. The next largest minority group, Hispanic, is hardly at 5% and the third largest group is mixed races which is well(p) 3. 8%.As you can see Tacoma, Washington is not very diverse and finding the overflowing competent employees from minority groups may be exhausting given the fact that thither atomic number 18 not that many to begin with. accord to the Census Bureau, Tacomas percentages of non-white employment in both the fields of retail salespersons and first line supervisors for retail are low in comparison with the available workforce. This tells me that it is not just Tanglewood that is failing to hire minorities the whole city of Tacoma needs to do a better joke of increasing their minority incumbency percentages.Incumbency is a term employ to describe that a position is being held and is often used by the human resource department to determine where and how demographic shifts are need. Although your minority incumbency percent is well above the required 80% for department music directors finding more minorities for positions with higher volumes of vacancy is going to be a huge problem. Your investment company associate minority incumbency percent is only at 65. 8% and in order to meet the requirements you need to do a better job of recruiting minorities to fill these positions. The percent of minority incumbency for shift leaders is likewise too low.As far as female incumbency percentages are concerned, the department manager position needs to be improved more than anything. It is q uite a clear that Tanglewood needs to hire more females for managerial positions and more minorities for entry level positions. According to my gap analysis, next class you are going to be extremely short of line of descent associates and filling these positions according to the EEO will be a difficult task. Tell your managers that they need to get busy and prepare to hire 3,995 people for store associate level positions. You will also need to hire quite a few department managers a total of 156.As far as shift leaders are concerned, only 90 people are needed for this position. There will be staff overloads for both assistant store managers and store managers. This doer that perhaps some people will need to be let go and when doing so I recommend that you keep in mind the low incumbency percentage for females in the manager positions. Also flirt with that more minorities are needed for both store associates and shift leaders. In order to balance out your employment structure more , I have grapple up with a simple statement of consummation for hiring for Washington next year.The most important thing seems to be solving your problem of maintaining store associates. This year, 41% of your store associates left your company and in order to decrease this percentage you need to make sure that the employees are being get rid ofn care of properly. almost methods to retain more employees are by giving them more opportunities for advancement within the company, increasing their benefits package, proving higher wages, etc. Too many people at the entry level are giving up and this improving your ability to retain employees will prove to be beneficial to the company.Another major plan of action is to fill in more of the entry level positions with minorities. Your incumbency percentage for this category is really low and if you dont fix this problem you are going to be facing a load of issues with the EEO. Unlike your problem with promoting women to management positio ns, your problem with providing low entry jobs for minorities is one that will require restructuring and time. Although there are not a circuit of minorities in the area to fill these positions it is your companys duty to do a better job of recruiting minorities.This means that you will need to change your recruitment practices and perhaps extend beyond Tacoma to find talent. Realistically I dont see Tanglewood meeting the demands for minority incumbency for the store associate position in a single year. Hiring internally gives the current employees more hope and will improve the problem you are facing with keeping your employees loyal to the company. Although focusing primarily on internal promotions decreases the chance of finding a stellar employee, it will solve a lot of the current problems your company is facing. I recommend that you promote current females and minorities internally.This will keep more low entry level employees motivated to stay and also improve your problems with incumbency percentages as well. Wood himself mentioned in a recent interview with Business Monthly that, Tanglewood really needs to slow down and take a hard look at our corporate culture. He goes on by saying, Right now, we need to consolidate and make sure were as close to the companys original mission as we can be. Taking this quote into consideration it is clear that the recent blowup increases have destroyed the relationship between the low level employees and Tanglewood.This does not merely apply to the Washington stores, but to rather the entire store as a whole. People are running in and out of this company and the only way to stop the large percentage of people quitting is by doing a better job of taking care of their needs. On a personal and professional level employees, especially at the low entry level, need to be Tanglewoods top priority. Table 1. 1 Markov Analysis Information Transition probability matrix Current year (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Exit Previous year (1) storage associate 0. 53 0. 06 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 41 (2) Shift leader 0. 00 0. 50 0. 16 0. 00 0. 00 0. 4 (3) Department manager 0. 00 0. 00 0. 58 0. 12 0. 00 0. 30 (4) Assistant store manager 0. 00 0. 00 0. 06 0. 46 0. 08 0. 40 (5) Store manager 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 66 0. 34 Forecast of availabilities Next year (projected) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Exit Current Workforce Previous year (1) Store associate 8,500 4505 510 0 0 0 3485 (2) Shift leader 1,200 0 600 192 0 0 408 (3) Department manager 850 0 0 493 102 0 255 (4) Assistant store manager 150 0 0 9 69 12 60 (5) Store manager 50 0 0 0 0 33 17 Gap analysis Next year (projected) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Year end total(column sum) 4505 1110 694 171 55 External hires needed (current workforce-total) 3995 90 156 0 0 WORKS CITED 1. Table 1. 1 , Markov Analysis Information by Tanglewood textbook to Accompany Staffing Organizations, 7e 2. Table 1. 2 Determining Availability by Tanglewood Casebook to Accompany Staffing Organizations, 7e 3. Table 1. 3 Comparing Incumbency to Availability and Annual Placement Goals, by Tanglewood Casebook to Accompany Staffing Organizations, 7e 4. Spokane Population and Demographics. Area Connect. MDNH Inc.